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Definite and Indefinite Pronouns


Definite and Indefinite Pronouns

  • Definite Pronouns
Definition of Definite Pronouns
Definite pronouns are replaces a noun that’s identity has been clearly given.

Function of Definite Pronouns
Eliminates repetition or unnecessary naming of a known or identified noun (s).


There are two types of Definite pronouns:
1.       Personal: I, you, she, he, it, we, they, you, me, her, him, us, them.
         Example: Would you like to study together after class?
2.       Demonstrative: This, that, these, those.
         Example:  These are 10 cherry trees outside the school gate. Those are my favorite tree at our school.


  • Indefinite Pronouns
Definition of Indefinite Pronouns
As the name suggests indefinite pronouns are pronouns that are not definite in meaning. In other words they are not specific in which noun they replace. They may be singular or plural, and must match the verb in number.

Pronouns that refer to a nonspecific noun
Nobody
Anybody
None
Anyone
Nothing
Anything
Somebody
Everybody
Someone
Everyone
Something
Everything

Pronouns that refer to a specific noun
All
Another
Any
Both
Each
Either
Few
Many
Neither
Ones
Some
Several



Examples:
Many are planning to attend the party. (In this case the identity of the group that is going to the party would have already been mentioned).
Would you like to try some of these cookies?  (The word cookies make it clear what some is referring to).
Not to confuse you but keep in mind pronouns in this group can function as adjectives if nouns directly follow them.

More Examples:
Many classmates are planning to attend the party.
I checked out some books from the library.

Singular and Plural Indefinite Pronouns
As mentioned previously indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural and the verb has to much in number. Below is the list of singular indefinite pronouns.
Another
Anybody
Anyone
Anything
Each
Either
Everybody
Everyone
Everything
Neither
Nobody
No one
Nothing
One
Somebody
Something
Someone


Example:
There are three groups of participants, and each has its own requirements.
Someone special is about to arrive.

The following are plural indefinite pronouns:
-          Both
-          Few
-          Many
-          Several

Examples:
Few of the projects were god enough to go to the science fair.

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Expressing Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction


Expressing Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction

  • Asking about satisfaction:
·            How do you like your room?
·            Is everything OK?
·            Is everything satisfactory?
·            Are you satisfied?

  • Asking about Dissatisfaction
·            Do you want to complain about something?
·            Was something not to your satisfaction?
·            Are you dissatisfied with something?
·            Did you find our service satisfactory?

  • Expressing Satisfaction
·            I really like my new hair cut
·            I’m completely satisfied with everything you’ve done for me
·            It was satisfactory
·            It was okay. Not bad.

  • Expressing Dissatisfaction
·            It is disappointing that!
·            It is unacceptable
·            This is the limit I won’t take any more of…
·            Well, this is most unsatisfactory
·            The concert is so boring
·            What an awful meeting
·            It’s not as good as I thought.

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Public Service Announcements and Posters


Public Service Announcements and Posters

A.         Public Service Announcements

Definition
     A public service announcement is an advertisement that a television or radio station airs for a cause or a charity. The objective of a public service announcement is to educate and create awareness of significant social issues in an effort to change the public’s attitudes and behaviors and stimulate positive social change.
Public service announcements (PSA’s) can be utilized in three mediums:
·            Newspaper (print PSA’s)
·            Radio (audio PSA’s)
·            Television (video PSA’s).

Techniques Used in PSA’s:
  • Humour. Humour tends to catch one’s attention, especially for kids and teens, but humour may trivialize serious issues. Sometimes irony (or in its extreme, satire) can be very effective in conveying an important message.
  • Shock treatment. Such campaigns provide a realistic look at an issue, but may turn people off entirely because of their graphic nature. Also, broadcasters may be reluctant to broadcast PSA’s they feel may be too controversial.
  • Preaching. This technique involves an individual or group pleading with an audience for greater awareness of the issue. Note: there’s fine line between earnestness and appearing to be patronizing.
  • Using a celebrity. Celebrities do get favourable attention, but sometimes people are so distracted by the celebrity they forget the message.

Example:

 
B.         Posters

Definition
    A Poster is an informative and decorative way to attract the attention to the information it contains. It is usually displayed in a public place. It is often decorated with designs or illustrations.
Here are some ways to use posters in a literacy program:
·            To advertise events or products
·            To display information or instructions
·            To each about some kinds of information
You will create a public service announcement poster that will address the issue in the following way:
·            The topic is simple and clear
·            The PSA gets attention and is eye catching
·            It includes a slogan and a visual that is memorable
·            The PSA is creative and entertaining
·            It provides accurate information on the topic’s importance
·            The PSA effectively reaches its target audience.

The Example of Posters: 



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